案例

1U服务器冲压鳍片散热器组件:0.3mm鳍片,0.05mm基板,月产10K-50K
Sep 29,2026

1U服务器冲压鳍片散热器组件:0.3mm鳍片,0.05mm基板,月产10K-50K

在1U AI服务器中,每一毫米的高度都备受争夺,每一瓦的热量都只能依靠一股薄而快速的强制气流来排出。冲压鳍片散热器组件以最小的空间提供最大的鳍片表面积来应对这一挑战——但前提是0.3mm厚度的鳍片保持平整,基板保持0.05mm的平面度,并且鳍片与基板的连接能够承受冲击、振动和数千次热循环。在每月10,000至50,000件的产量下保持所有这些指标,既是制造纪律问题,也是设计问题。

项目背景与挑战

我们的客户是一家北美ODM厂商,为超大规模数据中心客户制造AI训练和推理服务器。其最新的1U平台通过紧凑型风冷散热器冷却内存VRM和ASIC功率级,散热器通过热界面材料安装在元件上方:一个大约扑克牌大小的鳍片组,高度仅20mm,直接位于高静压风扇的排风路径中。

图纸规定全部采用6063铝材:鳍片由0.3mm板材冲压而成,间距紧密且均匀,以在允许的高度内封装最大的表面积;实心机加工基板的接触面必须平整至0.05mm,以确保热界面层在芯片上各处保持设计厚度。组装方法确定为铆接/压配鳍片结构——带有互锁特征的鳍片压入基板加工的槽中,形成低界面热阻的机械连接,而不是仅依靠导热环氧树脂。

之前的构建在三个方面遇到困难。0.3mm冲压鳍片很脆弱;搬运和包装导致鳍片弯曲和报废。前供应商的环氧树脂粘接鳍片连接在热循环中退化,界面热阻逐渐升高,直到单元未通过现场热余量测试。而且随着AI平台的扩产,产量从每月10,000件跃升至50,000件,超出了现有供应商的冲压和组装能力。客户需要一家能够冲压鳍片、加工基板、组装和验证连接,并每月发货而良率不崩溃的工厂。

BQUQ工艺解决方案

BQUQ将零件作为单一流程运行——冲压、CNC加工和鳍片组装在同一屋檐下——因此鳍片几何形状、基板平面度和连接完整性由一个质量体系控制,而不是三个供应商。

冲压鳍片制造

鳍片由0.3mm 6063铝板在级进冲压模具中冲裁和成型。模具设计将互锁脚特征集成到与冲裁相同的行程中,因此鳍片高度、间距和脚部几何形状在数百万次冲压中保持一致;模具磨损按固定的维护日历检查,而不是等到零件超差。去毛刺是模具序列的一部分,因为带有毛刺的0.3mm鳍片既是搬运危险,也是1U机箱中的气流噪声源。鳍片从冲压机开始就在专用托盘中进行成型和转移,因此鳍片从不松散接触——这一单一改变消除了鳍片搬运报废对良率的影响。

基板的CNC加工

基板由6063铝板加工而成,鳍片槽铣削至与冲压鳍片脚匹配,元件接触面精加工至0.05mm平面度,通过首件CMM抽样和固定的过程检验频率进行验证。槽宽和位置与接触面在同一次装夹中加工,因此鳍片垂直站立,连接对齐从不依赖第二次夹紧。槽间距保持与鳍片间距一致,从而保持鳍片之间的气流通道均匀——这对于在1U风扇曲线下预测鳍片组的压降至关重要。

铆接鳍片组装与连接验证

组装是受控的压配操作:鳍片插入加工槽中并铆接,使基板材料机械锁定鳍片脚。机械连接承担结构载荷,因此鳍根处的热界面保持薄且稳定,在热循环中不会像粘合剂层那样随时间泵出。连接完整性通过每个生产批次鳍片的抽样拉拔测试以及铆接界面的定期截面检查来验证。然后组件进行黑色阳极氧化,既匹配机箱美观,又提高表面发射率,以在1U气流内实现更好的辐射辅助散热。

鳍片几何形状是冲压组装的价值所在:鳍片以0.3 mm厚度冲裁,并在轮廓投影仪上检查间距和高度,间距保持在±0.1 mm以内,使鳍片之间的气流在散热器宽度上保持均匀。鳍片压入基板凹槽并机械粘接,然后在黑色阳极氧化之前对安装面进行机加工至0.05 mm平面度,并在功率模块接触基板的位置施加掩蔽。

关键规格

项目规格
材料6063铝(冲压鳍片 + 机加工基板)
鳍片厚度0.3mm冲压鳍片,级进模
鳍片间距按图纸均匀间距,与加工槽匹配
基板平面度元件接触面0.05mm
组装铆接/压配鳍片与基板,机械连接
表面处理黑色阳极氧化
产量10,000-50,000件/月
检验CMM平面度,每批鳍片拉拔测试,截面检查,关键尺寸CPK≥1.33
交期样品3-7天,首批12-20天

质量控制与交付

该零件在ISO9001:2015质量体系下运行。首件检验涵盖基板的完整CMM布局、接触面平面度、槽位置和鳍片组垂直度;每个生产批次抽样进行鳍片拉拔强度测试,铆接界面按固定计划进行截面检查。过程数据跟踪冲压尺寸漂移和基板平面度,关键尺寸的CPK保持在≥1.33。由于冲压、机加工和组装在同一工厂进行,鳍片几何形状的漂移在基板机加工阶段就被发现,而不是在最终组装时作为不匹配件出现。

结果:样品在7天内获批,首批生产在约定窗口内交付,月产量从10,000件扩展至50,000件,没有良率断崖。与鳍片连接退化相关的现场热余量故障在接下来的两个季度降至零,客户的来料检验简化为对照BQUQ批次数据进行平面度和拉拔测试验证。

相关产品与资源

有关其他鳍片组装结构和规模示例,请参见:

常见问题

冲压鳍片可以做到多薄,为什么这里用0.3mm?

冲压鳍片可以从0.3mm开始——低于挤压极限——这正是高密度1U鳍片组采用此工艺的原因。在0.3mm且间距紧密的情况下,鳍片组在允许的高度内增加了表面积,同时冲压结构使鳍片足够轻,不会对铆接连接造成负载。

在高产量下如何保持0.05mm的基板平面度?

接触面在与鳍片槽相同的装夹中通过CNC精加工,然后按固定的过程频率进行CMM抽样,并在滚动批次上跟踪CPK≥1.33。平面度数据随每批货物提供,因此平面度控制不依赖于终检分选。

与环氧树脂粘接相比,铆接鳍片连接足够牢固吗?

铆接连接将每个鳍片机械锁定在加工基板中,每个生产批次都通过鳍片拉拔测试和定期截面检查进行验证。由于没有粘合剂层会泵出或退化,界面热阻在热循环中保持稳定——这正是本案例中解决现场故障的原因。

交期和产量限制是什么?

样品需要3-7天,首批在12-20天内发货。冲压鳍片散热器组件的月产量从1K到100K件;该项目在滚动计划下从每月10,000件提升至50,000件,无需重新认证。

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