模内攻丝与成形:压力机内的二次加工

模内攻丝与成形:压力机内的二次加工
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2024年12月19日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

模内攻丝与成形:压力机内的二次加工

简短回答:将二次加工移入模内——攻丝、成形、铆接或焊接嵌件——通常会增加一个工位,并使每套模具的工装成本增加约 600–2,500 美元,但可减少一到三次离线操作,每次离线操作的成本为每件 0.01–0.08 美元。当零件年产量超过约 50,000 件,且二次加工足够简单、能承受冲压速度时,模内加工更优。低于该产量,或工艺需要长保压时间、加热或人工判断时,应保留离线加工。决定因素是周期时间,而非新奇性。

冲压之所以一直成本低廉,是因为它能在一次连续行程中生产出成品形状。但大多数“冲压”零件在离开压力机后仍需要攻丝、成形螺纹、铆接螺柱或将两个零件连接。每一个这样的步骤都意味着第二台机器、第二次装夹、第二次检验,以及零件丢失、混料或损坏的风险。模内加工将这些步骤整合到压力机内,使零件直接成品落料——前提是经济性允许。

什么算作模内加工?

模内加工是指在卷料送入和成品零件退出模具之间进行的任何增值步骤。常见的有模内攻丝(每次行程攻丝头切削或成形螺纹)、模内成形(凸轮或第二工位弯曲普通压力机无法触及的特征)、模内铆接(将两层料带或嵌件铆合在一起)、模内焊接以及离散嵌件的模内组装。每一项都占用工位空间和压力机时间,因此每一项都必须证明其价值。

最合适的候选工艺具有共同特征:周期短、除模具已有条件外无需外部加热或润滑、力可预测,且公差在模具可保持范围内。攻小孔、成形超过 90° 的凸片、铆接铆钉和压入衬套都符合条件。局部热处理、全缝焊接或外观表面检验通常不符合。

模内加工何时优于离线——真实数据

决定性因素是减少的操作次数。每次离线操作都有成本下限:操作员接触时间、夹具、运输和排队时间。在中国源工厂,该下限约为每件每道工序 0.01–0.08 美元,当零件小或必须保持平整时,成本会急剧上升。

二次加工离线每件成本模内增加项盈亏平衡产量
攻一个 M2–M4 孔0.03–0.08 美元+800–2,500 美元工装,约 0.2–0.6 秒周期约 50,000 件/年
成形超过 90° 的凸片0.02–0.05 美元+1 个凸轮工位约 30,000 件/年
铆接铆钉或嵌件0.05–0.12 美元+1,200–3,000 美元工装约 40,000 件/年
两层连接0.04–0.10 美元+1,000–2,500 美元工装约 40,000 件/年
去毛刺/滚光0.01–0.03 美元很少模内进行通常离线更好

仅为指示性数据。盈亏平衡点随零件尺寸、人工费率以及离线路线造成的操作损伤程度而变化。对于薄、平、易弯曲的零件,模内加工还能保证质量:接触次数越少,压痕越少。

周期时间代价

常见的反对意见是速度。机械压力机在简单落料时可能以每分钟 200–600 次行程运行。增加模内攻丝头后,可能降至每分钟 150–400 次行程,因为丝锥需要明确的啮合和退出窗口。增加凸轮成形工序会延长行程。压力机不会减慢到人工速度,但生产线会减慢,这种成本表现为每小时零件数减少。

当离线替代方案是带独立操作员的单独机器时,这种权衡通常仍然有利,因为离线路线会成倍增加装夹、排队和操作时间。在共享工位每件手动攻丝十秒,通常比在连续运行的压力机上损失 100 次行程/分钟的单件成本更高。诚实的答案是,比较每件总成本,而非孤立地比较压力机速度。

设计零件以使模内加工可行

模内加工要求设计纪律。在攻丝孔周围留出足够的料带材料,使攻丝头不会将零件拉离位置。使成形特征远离定位料带的导正孔。为冲孔产生的废料提供清晰的排出路径,以供给螺纹。并记住,模内成形的特征事后无法调整——模具决定其形状,因此公差必须是模具能重复保持的公差。

料带稳定性是隐藏的要求。如果卷料在送料时偏移,模内攻丝会产生乱扣或拉毛的螺纹。这就是为什么一旦二次加工移入模内,级进模料带排样和送料精度就更加重要。这也是为什么小批量或桥式模具通常不适合模内攻丝:装夹必须精确,产量必须能证明其合理性。

何时应保留离线加工

当二次加工需要长保压时间(焊接、粘合剂固化)、外部加热(软钎焊、硬钎焊)、模具无法承载的工艺(电镀、喷漆)或人工判断(外观分选)时,应保留离线。当产量低到额外工装永远无法收回成本,或离线操作如此快速廉价,以至于将其纳入模具只会增加风险而收益甚微时,也应保留离线。

一个实用的折中方案是部分集成。将高产量孔在模内攻丝,将低产量嵌件离线铆接。将常见成形在模内完成,将特殊弯曲在二次压力机上完成。混合两者可保持模具简单,并将模内加工保留给真正划算的步骤。关于什么该放在哪里的总体路线图,请参阅冲压二次加工

如何报价模内工艺

发送图纸,标出二次加工、年产量、材料和厚度,以及每个攻丝或成形特征的功能公差。说明零件是否必须保持平整,因为这限制了模具在线能完成的工作量。有了这些信息,就可以直接对权衡进行定价:我们将并排展示工装增加项和单件节省额,并推荐成本最低的方案。报价在 12 个工作小时内返回。

常见问题

问:金属冲压中的模内攻丝是什么?

答:它是集成在压力机中的攻丝头,每次行程在孔中切削或成形螺纹,使带螺纹的零件直接成品出模,而无需送往单独的攻丝机。它节省了一道操作步骤,并提高了位置精度,因为孔和螺纹在同一模具中制成。

问:模内攻丝在什么产量下划算?

答:通常从每年约 50,000 件小 M2–M4 孔开始。低于此产量,800–2,500 美元的额外工装很少能在订单结束前收回,离线攻丝仍然更便宜。

问:模内攻丝会减慢压力机吗?

答:会,通常每分钟减慢 50–200 次行程,因为丝锥需要明确的啮合和退出窗口。即便如此,模内路线每件成本通常仍低于带独立操作员和排队的单独攻丝工序。

问:任何二次加工都可以移入模内吗?

答:不能。需要长保压时间、外部加热、电镀或人工判断的加工应保留离线。简单的攻丝、成形、铆接和轻量连接是常见的模内候选工艺。

问:报价模内工艺需要什么?

答:标出二次加工的图纸、年产量、材料和厚度,以及每个攻丝或成形特征的功能公差。将这些发送至 sc@bquq.com,我们将在 12 个工作小时内返回报价。

相关资源

  • 冲压二次加工:哪些离线步骤值得纳入模具,哪些不值得。
  • 金属冲压服务:内部完成带模内攻丝、成形和连接的级进模冲压。
  • 关于 BQUQ:位于东莞的 ISO9001 认证源工厂,在同一屋檐下运营冲压、CNC、弹簧和散热器。
  • 联系我们:发送图纸,12 个工作小时内获得报价。

由 BQUQ 工程团队撰写。BQUQ 是位于中国东莞的 ISO9001 认证源工厂,在同一屋檐下运营 CNC 加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至 sc@bquq.com 或 WhatsApp +86 13713157787,12 个工作小时内获得报价。www.bquq.com



联系我们报价
获取报价
我们使用cookie来改善您的在线体验。继续浏览本网站即表示您同意我们使用cookie

Cookies

Please read our Terms and Conditions and this Policy before accessing or using our Services. If you cannot agree with this Policy or the Terms and Conditions, please do not access or use our Services. If you are located in a jurisdiction outside the European Economic Area, by using our Services, you accept the Terms and Conditions and accept our privacy practices described in this Policy.
We may modify this Policy at any time, without prior notice, and changes may apply to any Personal Information we already hold about you, as well as any new Personal Information collected after the Policy is modified. If we make changes, we will notify you by revising the date at the top of this Policy. We will provide you with advanced notice if we make any material changes to how we collect, use or disclose your Personal Information that impact your rights under this Policy. If you are located in a jurisdiction other than the European Economic Area, the United Kingdom or Switzerland (collectively “European Countries”), your continued access or use of our Services after receiving the notice of changes, constitutes your acknowledgement that you accept the updated Policy. In addition, we may provide you with real time disclosures or additional information about the Personal Information handling practices of specific parts of our Services. Such notices may supplement this Policy or provide you with additional choices about how we process your Personal Information.


Cookies

Cookies are small text files stored on your device when you access most Websites on the internet or open certain emails. Among other things, Cookies allow a Website to recognize your device and remember if you've been to the Website before. Examples of information collected by Cookies include your browser type and the address of the Website from which you arrived at our Website as well as IP address and clickstream behavior (that is the pages you view and the links you click).We use the term cookie to refer to Cookies and technologies that perform a similar function to Cookies (e.g., tags, pixels, web beacons, etc.). Cookies can be read by the originating Website on each subsequent visit and by any other Website that recognizes the cookie. The Website uses Cookies in order to make the Website easier to use, to support a better user experience, including the provision of information and functionality to you, as well as to provide us with information about how the Website is used so that we can make sure it is as up to date, relevant, and error free as we can. Cookies on the Website We use Cookies to personalize your experience when you visit the Site, uniquely identify your computer for security purposes, and enable us and our third-party service providers to serve ads on our behalf across the internet.

We classify Cookies in the following categories:
 ●  Strictly Necessary Cookies
 ●  Performance Cookies
 ●  Functional Cookies
 ●  Targeting Cookies


Cookie List
A cookie is a small piece of data (text file) that a website – when visited by a user – asks your browser to store on your device in order to remember information about you, such as your language preference or login information. Those cookies are set by us and called first-party cookies. We also use third-party cookies – which are cookies from a domain different than the domain of the website you are visiting – for our advertising and marketing efforts. More specifically, we use cookies and other tracking technologies for the following purposes:

Strictly Necessary Cookies
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.

Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.

Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.

Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.

How To Turn Off Cookies
You can choose to restrict or block Cookies through your browser settings at any time. Please note that certain Cookies may be set as soon as you visit the Website, but you can remove them using your browser settings. However, please be aware that restricting or blocking Cookies set on the Website may impact the functionality or performance of the Website or prevent you from using certain services provided through the Website. It will also affect our ability to update the Website to cater for user preferences and improve performance. Cookies within Mobile Applications

We only use Strictly Necessary Cookies on our mobile applications. These Cookies are critical to the functionality of our applications, so if you block or delete these Cookies you may not be able to use the application. These Cookies are not shared with any other application on your mobile device. We never use the Cookies from the mobile application to store personal information about you.

If you have questions or concerns regarding any information in this Privacy Policy, please contact us by email at . You can also contact us via our customer service at our Site.