案例

5G RRU 散热器:300mm 挤压型材,CNC 加工,黑色阳极氧化
Sep 29,2026

5G RRU 散热器:300mm 挤压型材,CNC 加工,黑色阳极氧化

5G 远程射频单元将其功率放大器封装在鞋盒大小的外壳中,然后悬挂在阳光下的电线杆上。散热器是整个外壳的热路径,它必须被动工作——无风扇、无泵——长度 300mm,具有与射频板配合的加工接口以及能承受风力和振动的安装特征。像这样的长型材,正是挤压直线度、加工精度和阳极氧化质量相互影响的领域。

项目背景与挑战

一家供应 5G RRU 硬件的电信基础设施供应商向我们提供了一款 300mm 挤压散热器,它同时作为无线电外壳的一部分。月产量为 10,000 件。型材为 6063-T5,外侧有密集的散热片阵列,内部有一个平坦的平面用于安装射频功率板。看起来像是简单的挤压件,直到你读到加工和表面处理说明。

模具必须一次成功,因为壁厚不均的散热片阵列在批量挤压时效果很差。该供应商在之前的版本中已经经历过这种情况:薄散热片与厚基座的冷却速率不同,从挤压机出来时略有波浪,外壳无法与垫圈紧密闭合。

热学要求同样具体。由于不允许主动冷却,散热片阵列必须将全部放大器负载散发到静止空气中,而电路板的热垫只有在加工接口保持平坦时才能保持接触。这使得安装面平面度和散热片几何形状成为该零件成败的关键特征。

三个因素使这个零件变得困难。第一,长度:超过 300mm 后,挤压直线度和扭曲会变差,弯曲的型材无法与外壳垫圈贴合。第二,安装面和一组螺纹凸台必须在挤压后加工,并且它们必须相对于散热片阵列处于正确位置,而不是相对于弯曲的毛坯。第三,黑色阳极氧化:在 300mm 的零件上,不均匀或过薄的涂层会立即显现,遮蔽的接地焊盘必须保持绝对清洁,以便电路板仍能接地到外壳。

该供应商一直从一家供应商购买型材,然后送到另外两家进行加工和阳极氧化。每次交接都会增加数天的工期,每当批次超出公差时,每家供应商都互相推诿。他们希望有一个合作伙伴能够负责从挤压到包装成品的整个流程。

BQUQ 工艺解决方案

我们挤压型材,使其稳定,然后只加工必须精确的表面——这样散热片阵列保持挤压态,接口在整个过程中保持受控。

型材挤压与直线度控制

6063-T5 挤压,散热片阵列位于外表面,然后进行拉伸矫直,使 300mm 长度恢复到 0.5mm 直线度以内,以便与外壳垫圈紧密闭合。然后将毛坯切割至长度并在加工前进行应力稳定化处理,这样零件在切割安装特征后不会蠕变,长度在阳极氧化过程中保持稳定。在整个型材中控制散热片壁厚,使长散热片不会使基座偏离直线,并保持挤压牵引速度和冷却稳定,使散热片尖端沿长度方向保持真实,而不是在型材离开模具时漂移。

安装接口的 CNC 铣削

内部安装面和螺纹凸台图案在一次装夹中铣削,使平面度保持在 0.05mm 以内,凸台位置相对于接口基准定位在 0.01mm 以内。散热片侧保持未加工,因此由模具形成的热表面不会被刀具或切屑破坏。铣削边缘在过程中去毛刺,因为留在安装面上的毛刺会使电路板偏离其热垫,并悄然导致电路板失去接触。

黑色阳极氧化与遮蔽焊盘

零件经过黑色阳极氧化处理,以提高耐腐蚀性和外观一致性。接地焊盘和电路板接口被遮蔽,因此涂层不会出现在需要导电的地方,并且控制涂层厚度,使其不会桥接散热片间隙或使散热片边缘变圆。包装前进行遮蔽复查,确认没有阳极氧化层蔓延到安装焊盘上,这种缺陷只有在单元接地测试失败时才会显现。散热片阵列上的涂层也保持足够薄,不会明显提高散热片本应散发的表面温度。

关键规格

项目规格
材料6063-T5 挤压铝
型材长度300mm
安装面平面度0.05mm
凸台/孔位置±0.01mm
直线度≤0.5mm 全长
散热片厚度1.0mm(最小能力 0.3mm)
表面处理黑色阳极氧化,遮蔽接地焊盘和电路板接口
产量10,000 件/月
检验CMM 全尺寸检测 + 接口气动量仪,CPK≥1.33
交付样品 6 天,首批 10,000 件 18 天

质量控制与交付

首件检验为完整的 CMM 全尺寸检测:在安装面上映射平面度,根据电路板图纸验证凸台位置,检查全长 300mm 的直线度,并在批次放行前确认阳极氧化厚度和遮蔽。关键接口特征的 CPK 目标为 1.33 或更高,数据随每批货物在 ISO9001:2015 质量体系下提供。检验记录按批次保存,以便现场问题可以追溯到挤压批次和加工生产线。

结果:样品在 6 天内获得批准,首批 10,000 件在 18 天内发货,该零件现在按滚动月度计划运行。由于挤压、加工、阳极氧化和检验在同一流程中,供应商减少了两个外部供应商以及随之而来的所有运输和重新认证。安装面平面度和凸台位置在整个认证运行中保持在公差范围内,黑色阳极氧化表面在每个 300mm 零件的两端都均匀一致。

相关产品与资源

浏览 定制挤压铝散热器 系列以了解更广泛的型材,或浏览 黑色阳极氧化铝散热器 系列以了解像这样的成品零件。关于公差、表面处理和交货时间的常见问题在我们的 常见问题中心 中解答。发送图纸,12 小时内获得报价。

常见问题

对于 300mm 挤压散热器,你们能达到什么平面度和直线度?

我们将安装面加工至 0.05mm 以内的平面度,并使型材在全长 300mm 内保持 0.5mm 以内的直线度。直线度根据外壳垫圈基准进行检查,平面度用 CMM 映射而不是在单点检查,CPK 保持在 ≥1.33。

黑色阳极氧化会损害热性能吗?

不会以在这里重要的方式损害。阳极氧化层是一种薄的转化层,黑色表面实际上比裸铝辐射热量的效果略好。重要的是遮蔽接地焊盘并控制涂层厚度,以免桥接散热片间隙,我们在包装批次前会进行验证。

你们能在阳极氧化过程中遮蔽特定焊盘吗?

可以。接地焊盘和电路板接口被遮蔽,因此涂层不会出现在需要导电的地方。阳极氧化后检查遮蔽区域的厚度,并在发货前进行最终复查,确认没有涂层蔓延到安装焊盘上。

对于 5G RRU 散热器,你们能运行多大的产量?

每月 1,000 到 100,000 件。该零件每月运行 10,000 件,首批 10,000 件在样品批准后 18 天内发货。样品本身在图纸签署后 6 天内准备好。

你也需要这类加工?
发图纸过来,12 小时内给你报价。


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