选择卷料:厚度、硬度和平整度

选择卷料:厚度、硬度和平整度
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2024年11月11日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

选择卷料:厚度、硬度和平整度

简短回答:卷料的选择基于四个规格——厚度(料厚)、硬度(强度和硬度)、平整度(包括镰刀弯)和边缘状况——它们不可互换。厚度决定强度和零件的成形方式;硬度控制回弹和力公差;平整度决定连续模能否准确送料和定位;边缘状况影响模具磨损和毛刺高度。厚度公差指定为约±0.01 mm,按标准牌号指定硬度,并以每1000 mm的毫米数标明平整度。正确把握这些可以防止最常见的冲压问题:零件不一致,追溯到带料不一致。

带料是每个冲压零件的原材料,其规格决定整个项目的进展。一个模具在一卷料上运行完美,如果厚度、硬度或平整度漂移,下一卷可能产生废品。了解卷料的买家可以获得更好的零件、更少的模具问题和更诚实的报价,因为他们可以指定真正重要的内容。

定义卷料的四个规格

每个卷料订单应明确四件事。

1. 厚度和厚度公差——标称厚度及其允许变化量。

2. 硬度或牌号——金属的机械状态,用标准牌号表示。

3. 平整度和镰刀弯——带料沿其长度的平直程度。

4. 边缘状况和宽度——分条边缘质量、毛刺和卷料宽度公差。

遗漏任何一项,都会留下模具必须吸收的变量。模具可以容忍小变化,但您跳过的每个公差都会成为成品零件的变异源。

厚度和厚度公差

厚度是冲压中最强大的变量。它决定零件强度、弯曲半径、回弹以及模具能否干净剪切。厚度变化直接转化为零件间的变化,因为剪切或成形的零件继承了带料的厚度。

标称厚度典型轧机公差实际冲压注意事项
0.10 mm±0.005 mm非常薄;送料和平整度至关重要
0.20 mm±0.008 mm常用于触点和屏蔽罩
0.50 mm±0.02 mm一般支架和夹子
1.00 mm±0.03 mm结构件
2.00 mm±0.05 mm重型支架、母线
3.00 mm±0.08 mm厚料,较慢压力机

指定比轧机能保持的更紧的公差会增加成本而收益甚微;相反,设计零件使正常的厚度变化不会破坏功能。在最终确定图纸之前,询问工厂模具可以运行的厚度窗口。

硬度:它控制什么

硬度描述金属的硬度和强度,由轧制和热处理设定。它表示为H14、H02等牌号,或铝的T4/T6,或钢的拉伸等级。

硬度状态成形性回弹典型用途
退火/软(O)优秀深拉延、紧密弯曲
四分之一硬(H02)良好中等一般冲压、触点
半硬(H14)一般较高需要刚性的零件
全硬(H18)平弹簧、高力夹子

硬度和厚度共同作用。弹簧夹的力来自其厚度和硬度,因此两个公差叠加。如果力公差很紧,则严格控制两者——或接受更宽的力范围。对于触点和夹子零件,硬度直接影响保持力,这就是我们在每次图纸审查中标记它的原因。

平整度和镰刀弯

平整度是买家最常忘记且最常后悔的规格。平整度差的卷料会导致送料卡住、导正销定位不良以及切割后零件不平。它表现为孔位置不一致和从卷料开始到结束弯曲变化。

两个数字很重要:

  • 平整度:与平面的最大偏差,通常表示为每1000 mm长度的毫米数。
  • 镰刀弯:带料沿侧向的弯曲,使带料偏离中心并给导正销带来应力。
质量等级平整度(mm/1000 mm)镰刀弯适用
精密带料≤ 2≤ 2 mm/1000 mm连续模、触点
标准带料≤ 5≤ 5 mm/1000 mm一般零件
轧制边缘,粗糙> 5> 5 mm/1000 mm宽松公差零件

对于运行精细特征的连续模,坚持精密平整度。对于简单落料,标准带料即可且更便宜。

卷料宽度、重量和边缘状况

卷料宽度必须与模具的带料排样匹配,并考虑送料器的余量。宽度公差通常为±0.1至±0.3 mm,取决于分条质量。边缘状况很重要:有毛刺或粗糙的分条边缘会磨损模具的导料板和入口,并可能引入裂纹,在零件成形时扩展。

卷料重量控制压力机在换卷之间的运行时间。更大的卷料意味着更少的停机和更高的生产率,但需要更大的开卷机和能处理质量而不打滑的送料器。分条方法——旋转剪切与精密分条机——改变边缘质量和毛刺,进而改变成品零件可能需要的去毛刺步骤。

将材料与压力机和零件匹配

最终检查是材料是否适合零件的制造方式。高速连续模需要精密平整度、一致的厚度和干净的边缘。较慢压力机上的厚料零件容忍更多变化。需要紧密弯曲的零件需要较软的硬度;必须保持形状的零件需要较硬的硬度。

如果材料成本占主导,购买仍满足强度和力要求的最薄带料可以节省每个零件的成本。卷料优化指南涵盖排样和厚度权衡,冲压材料指南涵盖哪种合金适合哪种工作。当带料决策确实不清楚时,最便宜的做法是在切割模具之前询问工厂——为错误硬度制造的模具是废品。

BQUQ在东莞冲压钢、不锈钢、铝和铜卷料的精密零件,并在每次询价时根据模具审查带料规格。将您的图纸和材料要求发送至sc@bquq.com,在12个工作小时内获得报价。

卷料尺寸、包装和搬运

卷料尺寸是一个悄悄影响压力机的物流选择。卷料内径通常为150、400或508 mm,必须与开卷机芯轴匹配,否则无法装载卷料。卷料外径和重量受开卷机和送料器承载能力的限制——较轻的卷料意味着更多换卷,较重的卷料意味着更少停机但更多搬运设备。订购您的生产线能够承受而不使送料器过载的卷料重量。

包装保护两件事:平整度和表面。储存或运输不当的卷料会变形,表面生锈或划伤的卷料无论模具多好都会产生废品。眼对天和眼对墙的方向适合不同的开卷机,因此在材料发货前将包装与您的设备匹配。保持卷料干燥、离地,并轮换库存以便先使用旧材料——特别是钢在潮湿条件下如果放置会快速生锈。

搬运对安全和公差也很重要。掉落或压坏的卷料可能有凹陷的边缘和变形的卷绕,在卷料的其余部分送料不良。良好的分条、良好的包装和小心搬运可以保持您在轧机支付的平整度和边缘状况。如果您的生产线运行电动矫平送料机,请告诉我们卷料重量和内径,以便材料到达时即可装载,而无需在压力机前返工。

常见问题

问:冲压带料应指定什么厚度公差?

答:只标明轧机实际能保持的公差:大约0.1 mm时±0.005 mm,0.5 mm时±0.02 mm,2 mm时±0.05 mm。比轧机能力更紧会增加成本而不改善零件。

问:材料证书上的硬度是什么意思?

答:硬度是金属的机械状态——轧制或热处理后的硬度和强度。它用H02、H14、T4或T6等牌号表示,控制成形性、回弹和最终零件力。

问:为什么平整度在冲压中如此重要?

答:平整度差会导致送料卡住、导正销处错位以及切割后零件不平。对于连续模,它表现为孔位置和弯曲从一卷到下一卷的变化。精细工作使用精密带料。

问:如何在软硬硬度之间选择?

答:当零件需要深拉延或紧密弯曲时选择软(退火)硬度。当零件必须保持力或形状时选择较硬硬度,例如平弹簧或刚性夹子,并接受模具中更多的回弹。

问:卷料宽度需要与模具完全匹配吗?

答:它必须与带料排样匹配,并考虑送料器余量,通常在±0.1至±0.3 mm内。宽度和边缘质量影响导向和模具磨损,因此在订购前与工厂确认分条规格。

相关资源

  • 冲压材料指南:哪种合金和牌号适合哪种冲压零件。
  • 金属冲压服务:钢、不锈钢、铝和铜卷料的连续模冲压。
  • 关于BQUQ:位于东莞的ISO9001认证源头工厂,运营冲压、CNC、弹簧和散热器。
  • 联系我们:发送您的图纸,在12个工作小时内获得报价。

由BQUQ工程团队撰写。BQUQ是位于中国东莞的ISO9001认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运营CNC加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至sc@bquq.com或WhatsApp +86 13713157787,在12个工作小时内获得报价。www.bquq.com



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