摄像头模组与光学元件用冲压件

摄像头模组与光学元件用冲压件
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2025年3月4日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

摄像头模组与光学元件用冲压件

简短回答:一个摄像头模组使用多种冲压生产的金属零件——孔径垫片、透镜隔圈和固定环、红外滤光片支架、VCM 磁轭、EMI 屏蔽罩和柔性电路补强板——大多数由 0.05 至 0.20 mm 的薄带材冲压而成。它们的难点不在于轮廓,而在于边缘:毛刺必须保持在约 5-10 µm 以下,平面度控制在几微米以内,并且每个零件都必须无颗粒,因为光学表面上的一个微粒就会成为可见缺陷。关键特征冲压到 ±0.05 mm 是常规操作;做到无毛刺且洁净才是真正的工作。

摄像头模组是对冲压厂精度的良好考验,因为光学会惩罚其他应用忽略的缺陷。一个平面度偏差 20 µm 的垫片会使透镜倾斜并软化整个图像。一个脱落金属碎屑的毛刺会落在传感器上。本指南涵盖模组中出现的冲压件、光学要求的公差、使用的材料和表面处理,以及区分优秀供应商与勉强合格供应商的洁净度规范。

摄像头模组中包含哪些冲压件

摄像头模组中的冲压件通常隐藏在镜筒内部或传感器后面。孔径垫片和孔径板设定入瞳,通过精确的孔而非拉伸边缘冲压而成。透镜隔圈设定元件之间的空气间隙,必须绝对平整。透镜固定环和红外截止滤光片支架定位并夹紧光学堆叠。音圈电机 (VCM) 磁轭和弹簧零件支持自动对焦运动。EMI 屏蔽罩和框架零件位于模组周围以控制辐射,薄金属补强板支撑柔性电路。

几乎所有这些都是微型冲压:薄带材、严格公差、高边缘质量、大批量。经济性倾向于采用具有精细边缘控制的级进模,并且在边缘必须接近无毛刺的情况下,增加修边或精冲步骤。微型冲压件指南涵盖了这些小型薄壁零件的模具方法。

光学要求的公差和平面度

光学是平面度和边缘质量与尺寸精度同等重要的领域。

特征典型要求重要性
带材厚度0.05-0.20 mm决定隔圈高度和重量
孔径孔直径±0.02-0.05 mm直接决定通过光阑的光线
隔圈平面度几 µm 至约 0.02 mm倾斜会偏移焦点并软化图像
同心度(镜筒零件)±0.03 mm偏心元件导致阴影
光学边缘毛刺高度< 5-10 µm毛刺散射光线并脱落颗粒
特征位置±0.05 mm装配堆叠公差

一般规则:尺寸公差以百分之一毫米为单位测量,但平面度和毛刺以微米为单位测量,因为它们直接影响图像质量。一个零件可能尺寸完美,但如果翘曲或有毛刺仍然不合格。

光学用材料和电镀

材料选择平衡了成形性、弹簧性能以及对哑光、非反射表面的需求。

材料典型厚度电镀/表面处理典型用途
不锈钢 301(弹簧回火)0.05-0.20 mm黑镍或黑色氧化VCM 弹簧、磁轭、快门叶片
不锈钢 3040.05-0.15 mm钝化,哑光隔圈、固定环、滤光片支架
磷青铜0.05-0.20 mm触点镀 Ni + Au接触环、弹簧触点
黄铜 C26800.10-0.20 mm黑镍,哑光补强板、盖板
铝 50520.15-0.30 mm黑色阳极氧化轻质盖板、支架

黑色表面处理很常见,因为镜筒内的闪亮金属表面会反射杂散光并导致眩光。黑镍、黑色氧化和哑光阳极氧化都用于此目的,因此电镀规格不是装饰性的——它是光学性的。

毛刺控制、洁净度和搬运

对于光学零件,毛刺是独立的缺陷类别。孔径边缘的毛刺散射光线;脱落的毛刺成为传感器上的颗粒。供应商通过精确保持模具间隙、对关键边缘进行修边或精冲,以及受控去毛刺(如振动光饰)来控制毛刺——同时确保去毛刺不会使必须保持锋利的尺寸变圆。

洁净度随之而来。零件通常经过超声波清洗以去除冲压油和松散碎屑,然后干燥并装入洁净室兼容的包装中。松散颗粒是敌人:在光学表面上,即使几微米的污染也是可见的。这也是为什么搬运规范很重要——不裸手接触,洁净室区域不使用纸板,不与普通冲压件共用料箱。

如果您的模组还需要 EMI 屏蔽零件,同一供应商通常可以同时冲压屏蔽触点和光学隔圈,从而在整个物料清单中保持一致的洁净度标准。更广泛的精密垫片和隔圈文章涵盖了该系列零件的公差和平面度。

设计微型冲压光学零件

针对边缘设计,而不仅仅是轮廓。保持孔径和光学边缘简单,并具有宽松的模具间隙控制,使毛刺可预测。避免在脱模和搬运过程中变形的非常长而薄的连接筋。保持公差堆叠真实:如果三个零件堆叠在光学轴上,每个零件都需要承担总平面度预算的一部分,以使装配保持在焦点内。

为磨损规划模具。一个冲压数千万个薄光学零件的级进模会磨损,其影响首先表现为毛刺高度上升。优秀的供应商会监控毛刺并在边缘偏离规格之前进行翻新,而不是事后检查整个批次。并且保持带材进入时平整,因为带材的镰刀弯或边缘波浪会直接传递到零件平面度。

常见问题

问:冲压摄像头模组零件可以有多薄?

答:我们通常从 0.05 至 0.20 mm 厚的带材冲压光学垫片和隔圈。低于此厚度,搬运和脱模变得非常精细,材料选择范围变窄。实际最小值取决于合金、特征尺寸以及平面度要求的严格程度。

问:为什么毛刺对光学冲压件如此关键?

答:孔径和隔圈边缘的毛刺会散射杂散光,并可能脱落金属颗粒落在传感器上成为可见缺陷。这就是为什么光学边缘的毛刺高度通常保持在约 5-10 µm 以下,以及为什么通常在模具中增加修边或精冲,而不是接受标准的剪切边缘。

问:你们能在冲压隔圈上保持微米级平面度吗?

答:光学隔圈的平面度通常保持在几微米至约 0.02 mm 的范围内,通过适当的计量而非目视验证。实现它取决于来料带材平面度、模具状态和搬运,因此我们将其标记为检验计划中的关键特性。

问:冲压件对于摄像头模组来说足够干净吗?

答:我们对光学零件进行超声波清洗以去除冲压油和松散碎屑,然后干燥并装入洁净室兼容的袋子中。光学零件的目标是无松散颗粒,因为即使微米级的污染在传感器上也是可见的。我们根据您生产线要求的洁净度等级匹配清洗和包装。

问:什么数量使摄像头零件的微型冲压具有经济性?

答:这些是大批量零件,因此一旦产量确定,级进模通常是正确的模具。对于原型和验证,短run模具可以生产功能零件而无需完整的模具投资。将图纸和年用量发送至 sc@bquq.com,BQUQ 在 12 个工作小时内返回指示性报价。

相关资源

  • 微型冲压件:非常小、薄的冲压组件的模具和搬运。
  • 金属冲压服务:用于光学、屏蔽和接触零件的精密微型冲压。
  • 关于 BQUQ:位于东莞的 ISO9001 认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行冲压、CNC、弹簧、夹头和散热器。
  • 联系我们:将您的图纸发送至 sc@bquq.com,在 12 个工作小时内获得报价。

由 BQUQ 工程团队撰写。BQUQ 是位于中国东莞的 ISO9001 认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行 CNC 加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至 sc@bquq.com 或 WhatsApp +86 13713157787,在 12 个工作小时内获得报价。www.bquq.com



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