电缆屏蔽与接地用冲压件

电缆屏蔽与接地用冲压件
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2024年12月23日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

电缆屏蔽与接地用冲压件

简短回答:电缆屏蔽层只有在接地路径短、宽且低电阻时才有效。冲压件——夹子、套环、接地夹和屏蔽罩——是捕获该路径的常用方式,在配合特征上保持±0.05 mm,使用0.15–0.60 mm带材,材质为黄铜、磷青铜、铜或不锈钢。2–5 µm的锡提供可焊性;镍或金在接触点保持低电阻。设计规则很简单:在最短可能的回路上将屏蔽层连接到机壳,使用空间允许的尽可能多的金属。

每根屏蔽电缆的接地问题都有两部分。第一部分是捕获编织层或箔层,以便电流可以离开屏蔽层。第二部分是将该电流以低阻抗在相关频段内传输到机壳。冲压件可以廉价地完成这两项工作,并且可以根据电缆、连接器和安装方式进行定制。

零件必须做什么

接地或屏蔽零件有一项电气工作和一项机械工作。电气上,它必须从屏蔽层到机壳呈现低而稳定的阻抗——直流时低电阻,高频时低电感。电感就是为什么短、宽、扁平的带子优于长、细的辫子:辫子的长度增加了阻抗,即使在射频下其直流电阻看起来不错,也会破坏屏蔽。

机械上,零件必须承受电缆的使用寿命。它必须夹住编织层而不切割它,抵抗振动,并可靠地焊接、压接或压入机壳。这就是冲压的亮点:一个成形的环可以包裹编织层,一个夹子可以卡在机壳边缘,一个接片可以焊接或螺钉安装,所有这些都来自一个带料布局。

冲压接地和屏蔽件的类型

这个家族比大多数买家预期的要广泛。电缆夹和P型夹固定线束,当连接时可以兼作接地带。套环和压接套管将编织层捕获在连接器外壳周围。接地夹和指状件弹性抵靠机壳或屏蔽罩,提供闭合回路的接触。EMI屏蔽罩包围模块。孔眼和护环衬在通孔上,可以在电缆穿过墙壁时承载接地连接。

每种类型都有首选材料。不能松弛的夹子使用弹簧合金;必须焊接的屏蔽罩使用镀锡黄铜或不锈钢;大电流接地带使用铜,通常在接触按压处有一点银。

低阻抗接地路径的设计规则

参数目标原因
回路长度尽可能短电感随长度增加
带子宽度空间允许的尽可能宽降低电感
接触力通常1–5 N稳定接触而不切割
接触电阻每点<10 mΩ保持低电压降
接触点镀层锡、镍或金防止氧化层堆积
连接点数量尽可能2个以上振动下的冗余

宽度规则是买家最常忽略的。两个窄接触并联与一个宽接触不同,因为电流会拥挤到同一个小区域。在电缆屏蔽层必须良好接地的地方,将接触分散到宽区域并使用多个点。在零件仅用于机械的地方,力和腐蚀占主导,电气数值可以放宽。

电缆接地件的材料和镀层

材料带材厚度镀层用途
C2680黄铜0.20–0.50 mm锡 2–5 µm夹子、环、可焊接接片
C5210磷青铜0.15–0.40 mm锡或镍弹簧夹、指状件
C110铜0.20–0.60 mm锡、局部银大电流带
SUS 301不锈钢0.15–0.30 mm镍 1–3 µm 或裸耐腐蚀夹子

锡是常见选择,因为它便宜、可焊接且相当稳定。在接触配合和分离的地方,镍或闪金在循环中保持低电阻。在零件户外放置的地方,不锈钢或镀层钢比裸铜更耐用。接触点的镀层选择比零件其他地方的镀层更重要,因此局部镀层是正常的。

端接方法及其权衡

压接、焊接、压入和螺钉各自适合不同的情况。压接快速且可重复,适合工厂装配;它需要控制的压接高度和拉拔力检查。焊接提供最低电阻,但需要热控制和可焊接表面,冷焊点看起来不错直到失效。压入避免热和焊料,但需要严格的公差和受控的孔。螺钉安装可修复,但增加紧固件并在振动下有松动风险。

对于必须同时夹持和接地的冲压夹子,通常的答案是具有限定力和镀层接触区的成形弹簧指。这与冲压EMI触点的设计逻辑相同,其中接触力和擦拭经过调整,使接触保持清洁和稳定。当零件特别是接地夹时,接地夹设计指南更深入地涵盖了力和保持力。

屏蔽件的测试和质量

接地零件通过测量验证,而不是通过外观。关键测试是接触电阻(通常为毫欧)、压接和夹子的拉拔或剥离力,以及在屏蔽重要的地方,样品组件的转移阻抗或屏蔽效能。对于镀锡触点,一个简单的检查是在振动或热循环前后进行低电阻测量,因为氧化生长和松弛是重要的失效模式。

检查应包括接触力和电阻关键尺寸:夹子的夹持高度、夹子的指高度、套环的内径。这些的公差通常为±0.05 mm。当零件也是弹簧时,给定挠度下的载荷是功能检查,在样品上测量。首件报告应包含这些数字,以便生产零件可以与之比较。

采购冲压接地件

发送它必须适配的电缆或连接器、它必须连接的金属板、电流和频率范围以及环境。这告诉工厂材料、力和镀层。包括端接方法和任何测试目标,并注明零件是否必须在接触点可焊接。有了这些,报价和模具估算可以在12个工作小时内完成,并在生产前检查样品的力和电阻。对于电信风格的接地和屏蔽件,请参阅更广泛的电信连接器冲压

常见问题

问:冲压电缆接地夹的最佳材料是什么?

答:弹簧夹使用0.15–0.40 mm的C5210磷青铜,如果是刚性夹子则使用C2680黄铜。2–5 µm的锡镀层适合可焊接触点;镍或金在配合面保持电阻稳定。

问:为什么短接地带比长辫子更好?

答:电感随长度增加,因此长辫子在射频下具有高阻抗,即使其直流电阻很低。短、宽、扁平的带子保持屏蔽层到机壳的回路小且有效。

问:电缆套环的公差应该多紧?

答:关键夹持尺寸通常保持在±0.05 mm,以便环夹住编织层而不切割它。更紧的要求是可能的,但通常不必要,除非必须满足特定的拉拔力。

问:接地触点用锡还是金镀层?

答:固定接头用锡以降低成本和提高可焊性。在接触配合和分离的地方,或接触电阻必须在多次循环或腐蚀环境中保持低的地方,使用金或镍。

问:如何测试冲压接地件?

答:接触电阻以毫欧为单位,压接或夹子的拉拔或剥离力,以及在相关情况下样品组件的屏蔽效能。我们根据要求提供包含这些数字的首件报告。

相关资源

由BQUQ工程团队撰写。BQUQ是中国东莞的ISO9001认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行CNC加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至sc@bquq.com或WhatsApp +86 13713157787,在12个工作小时内获得报价。www.bquq.com



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