CNC螺纹规格:UNC、UNF、公制与NPT

CNC螺纹规格:UNC、UNF、公制与NPT
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2025年5月7日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

CNC螺纹规格:UNC、UNF、公制与NPT

简短回答:必须分清的三类螺纹是英制(UNC粗牙、UNF细牙)、公制(M系列,螺距以毫米为单位)和管螺纹(NPT和BSP,它们是锥形密封螺纹,不是紧固螺纹)。像“1/4-20 UNC 2B”这样的标注表示公称直径1/4英寸、每英寸20牙、统一国家粗牙系列、2B级内螺纹配合。最常见的CNC错误是混淆粗牙和细牙系列、在需要直螺纹的地方使用NPT,以及遗漏配合等级。在BQUQ,我们加工精度为±0.005 mm,因此请发送带有螺纹标注的图纸,并在12个工作小时内获得报价。

螺纹在图纸上看起来微不足道,却造成了不成比例的废品和返工。第一次就完整标注是最便宜的质量控制。

三类螺纹系列

英制:UNC和UNF

UNC是粗牙系列;UNF是细牙系列。粗牙螺纹(每英寸牙数较少)切削速度更快,更能容忍轻微损伤,而细牙螺纹每单位长度提供更大的保持强度,用于薄壁和精密调整。“1/4-20”是UNC;“1/4-28”是UNF。

公制:M系列

公制螺纹写作公称直径×螺距(毫米),例如M6×1.0。“细牙”公制螺纹使用较小的螺距,如M6×0.75。如果未给出螺距,则默认为粗牙系列,这是与配合件不匹配的常见原因。

管螺纹:NPT和BSP

管螺纹角度密封方式常见应用
NPT(美制)60°锥度+密封剂美国流体/气动接头
BSPT(英制)55°锥度+密封剂英国/欧盟接头
BSPP(平行)55°垫圈/密封垫欧盟接口,部分液压

NPT和BSPT/BSPP是密封螺纹,具有特定的锥度和牙型。它们彼此不能互换,也不能与直紧固螺纹互换。标准交叉会导致泄漏,而不仅仅是配合松动。

标注与配合等级

完整的英制标注如下:1/4-20 UNC - 2B。2B指内螺纹的配合等级。等级1(松)、2(通用)和3(紧)适用于内螺纹(B)和外螺纹(A)。等级2是标准。等级3用于精密或高振动连接,更难加工。

等级配合典型用途
1A/1B快速装配,脏污环境
2A/2B通用大多数紧固件
3A/3B精密、航空航天、高振动

紧固螺纹参考

英制(UNC)螺距(TPI)公制螺距(mm)
1/4-2020M61.0
5/16-1818M81.25
3/8-1616M101.5
1/2-1313M121.75
英制(UNF)螺距(TPI)公制细牙螺距(mm)
1/4-2828M6×0.750.75
5/16-2424M8×1.01.0
3/8-2424M10×1.251.25
1/2-2020M12×1.251.25

攻丝钻孔尺寸

攻丝钻孔形成丝锥切削的小径。正确选择可防止丝锥断裂和螺纹强度不足。

螺纹攻丝钻孔
M3×0.52.5 mm
M4×0.73.3 mm
M5×0.84.2 mm
M6×1.05.0 mm
M8×1.256.8 mm
M10×1.58.5 mm
M12×1.7510.2 mm
1/4-20 UNC5.1 mm
5/16-18 UNC6.6 mm
3/8-16 UNC8.0 mm
1/2-13 UNC10.8 mm

这些是约75%螺纹啮合的标准尺寸。更深的啮合需要更小的钻头,有丝锥断裂风险;更浅则强度较弱。百分比是设计选择,不是可以忽略的默认值。

CNC中的螺纹加工方法

方法最适合备注
攻丝标准孔快速;盲孔中有丝锥断裂风险
螺纹铣削大螺纹或易损螺纹一把刀具,多种尺寸;在硬材料中更坚固
单点车削车床上的外/内螺纹精确、灵活
螺纹滚压高强度、大批量冷成形螺纹,增加疲劳强度

螺纹铣削和螺纹滚压在我们的螺纹加工指南和螺纹铣削与攻丝对比中有更深入的介绍。

如何一次搞定螺纹

写出完整标注:系列、螺距、公称尺寸和配合等级。说明盲孔深度以及是否需要特定的攻丝钻头或啮合百分比。对于管螺纹,明确指定NPT、BSPT或BSPP——不要只说“管螺纹”。如果配合组件已固定,也请发送其螺纹规格,以便车间匹配而不是猜测。关于中径的公差背景,请参阅公差指南

常见问题

问:UNC和UNF有什么区别?

答:UNC是粗牙系列,每英寸牙数较少;UNF是细牙系列,牙数较多。粗牙切削更快且抗损伤;细牙提供更大的保持强度,更适合薄壁。它们不能互换。

问:NPT和直管螺纹一样吗?

答:不一样。NPT是锥形螺纹,通过楔入密封,通常使用密封剂。BSPP是平行管螺纹,用垫圈或密封垫密封。用错会泄漏。

问:螺纹标注中的2B是什么意思?

答:它是内螺纹的配合等级。2B级是通用标准;1B较松,3B较紧,用于精密或高振动连接。省略它会让车间默认为2级。

问:为什么我的螺纹感觉太紧或太松?

答:通常是配合等级或螺距不匹配。检查内外螺纹是否使用相同的系列和等级,并验证中径,而不仅仅是螺母是否能拧上。

问:BQUQ加工英制、公制和管螺纹吗?

答:是的,在铣削和车削零件上均可,包括易损或大螺纹的螺纹铣削。将带有完整标注的图纸发送至sc@bquq.com或WhatsApp +86 13713157787,12个工作小时内获得报价。

相关资源

  • 螺纹加工指南:方法、刀具和精确螺纹的实践。
  • CNC车削零件:单点和滚压螺纹常见的车削零件。
  • 关于BQUQ:位于东莞的ISO9001认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行CNC、冲压、弹簧和散热器。
  • 联系我们:螺纹问题和报价在12个工作小时内回复。

由BQUQ工程团队撰写。BQUQ是位于中国东莞的ISO9001认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行CNC加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至sc@bquq.com或WhatsApp +86 13713157787,12个工作小时内获得报价。www.bquq.com



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