TO-220、TO-247及其他封装的标准散热器尺寸是多少?
Aug 23,2026

TO-220、TO-247及其他封装的标准散热器尺寸是多少?

TO-220封装的标准散热器尺寸通常为宽19.0毫米、深12.7毫米、高10.0毫米,而TO-247封装通常需要更大的外形尺寸,即宽25.4毫米、深15.2毫米、高15.0毫米。这些尺寸并非通用标准,而是基准规格,必须根据功耗、气流和热阻要求进行调整。对于典型的10瓦TO-220应用,在自然对流条件下,热阻为8.0°C/W、尺寸为30.0毫米×20.0毫米的铝制散热器是将结温保持在125°C以下的最小实用尺寸。

TO-220和TO-247散热器的精确安装尺寸是多少?

安装孔位是选择散热器时的首要约束条件。对于TO-220封装,两个引线之间的标准安装孔间距为2.54毫米,安装孔与中心引线之间的间距为5.08毫米。典型的安装孔直径为3.2毫米,以适配M3螺钉,孔中心间距为10.0毫米。对于TO-247封装,引线之间的安装孔间距增加到5.08毫米,孔直径为4.2毫米,以适配M4螺钉,中心间距为15.2毫米。TO-220的安装凸片厚度为1.2毫米,TO-247的为1.5毫米,这直接影响所需的散热器槽深,通常分别为1.5毫米和2.0毫米。

TO-220、TO-247及其他封装的标准散热器尺寸是多少?

给定功耗下需要多大的散热器表面积?

所需的表面积取决于热阻预算,其计算方法是将温差除以耗散功率。对于结到外壳热阻为3.0°C/W、最高结温为150°C、环境温度为25°C的TO-220封装,10瓦负载要求散热器的热阻不超过9.5°C/W。表面积约为50平方厘米的自然对流铝制散热器可提供约10°C/W的热阻,而气流速度为2米/秒的强制风冷散热器仅需20平方厘米的表面积即可达到相同的热阻。根据经验法则,在自然对流条件下,功耗每增加5瓦,表面积必须加倍。

哪些散热器型材形状能为这些封装提供最佳性能?

挤压铝翅片型材是TO-220和TO-247封装最高效的形状,与相同占地面积的平板相比,热性能可提高30%至40%。一个标准的25.0毫米宽、带6个翅片(每个厚1.5毫米、高10.0毫米)的挤压型材,在75毫米长度下可为TO-220封装提供6.5°C/W的热阻。对于TO-247封装,更宽的40.0毫米型材,带8个翅片(每个厚2.0毫米、高15.0毫米),在相同长度下可产生4.0°C/W的热阻。带有折叠翅片设计的冲压铝散热器适用于5瓦以下的低功耗应用,但它们的典型热阻比相同尺寸的挤压型材高20%。

TO-220、TO-247及其他封装的标准散热器尺寸是多少?

常见散热器尺寸的标准热阻值是多少?

下表提供了在自然对流条件下用于TO-220和TO-247封装的常见标准铝制散热器尺寸的典型热阻值。这些值假设采用黑色阳极氧化处理,该处理可将发射率从0.1提高到0.9,与裸铝相比,热阻降低约15%。

封装散热器尺寸(毫米)表面积(平方厘米)热阻(°C/W)75°C温升时的最大功率
TO-22019 x 12.7 x 101515.05瓦
TO-22025 x 20 x 15309.08瓦
TO-22030 x 25 x 20506.012瓦
TO-24725.4 x 15.2 x 15358.09瓦
TO-24740 x 30 x 20804.516瓦
TO-24750 x 40 x 301403.025瓦

为什么导热界面材料会改变所需的散热器尺寸?

导热界面材料(TIM)会增加接触热阻,从而直接增加总热阻,因此在相同功耗下需要更大的散热器。带润滑脂的干式云母绝缘体的热阻为0.5°C/W,而厚度为0.25毫米的硅胶垫提供1.0°C/W的热阻,相变材料提供0.2°C/W的热阻。如果使用硅胶垫代替润滑脂,散热器的热阻必须降低10%才能补偿,这意味着表面积需要增加15%。对于15瓦以上的高功率TO-247应用,我们建议使用相变材料或直接安装而无需绝缘,以将TIM的热阻贡献降至0.3°C/W以下。

TO-220、TO-247及其他封装的标准散热器尺寸是多少?

何时应选择定制散热器而非标准尺寸?

当您的应用需要非标准的安装孔位、适合特定外壳的异形形状,或标准挤压型材无法满足低于2.0°C/W的热阻时,应选择定制散热器。定制挤压散热器的新型材模具工具成本为800至1,500美元,最小起订量为500件,交货时间为3至4周。对于10,000件以上的大批量生产,冲压定制散热器更经济,工具成本在500至2,000美元之间,单件价格可低至0.05美元。对于低于100件的数量,从标准块料加工定制散热器是最具成本效益的选择,典型价格为每件3至8美元,交货时间为5天。

气流和安装方向如何影响标准散热器尺寸?

强制风冷可显著减小所需的散热器尺寸,与自然对流相比,2米/秒的气流可将热阻降低50%至60%。一个尺寸为40 x 30 x 20毫米、在自由空气中热阻为4.5°C/W的散热器,在2米/秒的气流下将降至2.0°C/W,从而使相同的TO-247封装能够耗散20瓦而不是9瓦。安装方向也很重要:翅片垂直排列并顺气流方向可比水平翅片提高10%的性能,而倾斜45度会使自然对流性能降低15%。当将散热器安装在垂直PCB上时,确保翅片垂直排列以促进烟囱效应气流,这可以将热性能提高20%。

为这些封装选择散热器时常见的错误有哪些?

最常见的错误是忽略安装界面的热阻,如果未正确考虑,这可能会使总热阻增加30%至50%。另一个常见错误是使用对于峰值功耗(而非平均功耗)来说太小的散热器,这可能导致瞬态负载期间结温超过150°C的最高值。工程师们还经常忽视海拔的影响,海拔每升高100米,自然对流性能就会下降1%,在1,500米高度需要增大15%的散热器。最后,在潮湿环境中使用未涂层铝制散热器会导致安装界面腐蚀,随着时间的推移,热阻会增加20%。

常见问题解答

TO-220封装在5瓦功耗下的最小散热器尺寸是多少?

TO-220封装在5瓦功耗、75°C温升条件下的最小实用散热器尺寸为19.0毫米×12.7毫米×10.0毫米,提供15.0°C/W的热阻。该尺寸适用于环境温度为25°C、自然对流的应用,在结到外壳热阻为3.0°C/W的情况下,结温约为115°C。如果环境温度超过40°C,则必须将散热器表面积增加30%。

TO-220和TO-247封装可以使用相同的散热器吗?

不能直接将相同的散热器用于两种封装,因为安装孔间距不同(TO-220为10.0毫米,而TO-247为15.2毫米),并且凸片厚度也不同(1.2毫米对1.5毫米)。但是,您可以使用带有多种安装孔位(同时提供10.0毫米和15.2毫米间距)的散热器,或使用能适配两种封装宽度的通用夹子。热性能会有所不同,TO-247封装的结到外壳热阻更低,因此在相同功率下,为TO-220设计的散热器对于TO-247来说会偏大。

这些封装的冲压和挤压散热器之间的成本差异是多少?

冲压散热器在10,000件以上的批量下,每件成本在0.03至0.15美元之间,而挤压散热器在相同批量下每件成本在0.15至0.50美元之间。冲压散热器的工具成本为500至2,000美元,而挤压模具的成本为800至1,500美元,这使得冲压件在非常高的批量下更经济。对于低于100件的原型数量,机加工铝制散热器是最实用的选择,价格为每件3至8美元。

如何计算TO-247封装在20瓦功耗下的散热器尺寸?

对于TO-247封装,在20瓦功耗、最高结温150°C、环境温度25°C的条件下,总热阻必须为6.25°C/W。减去0.5°C/W的结到外壳热阻和0.2°C/W的TIM热阻,所需的散热器热阻为5.55°C/W。一个40 x 30 x 20毫米、热阻为4.5°C/W的散热器,或者一个50 x 40 x 30毫米、热阻为3.0°C/W的散热器,将提供足够的冷却并留有安全裕量。

哪种散热器表面处理能提供最佳热性能?

黑色阳极氧化处理提供最佳热性能,由于发射率从0.1增加到0.9,与裸铝相比,热阻降低了15%。透明阳极氧化处理对性能的影响可以忽略不计,而喷漆处理可将热阻降低20%,但会增加一层可能剥落的涂层。对于户外或腐蚀性环境,建议使用铬酸盐转化涂层,尽管它相比裸铝没有热性能优势。

何时应使用带风扇的散热器而不是更大的无源散热器?

当可用板级空间有限时,应使用风扇冷却散热器,因为一个20 x 20 x 10毫米、带5V风扇的散热器可以耗散10瓦的功率,而无源散热器需要至少50平方厘米的表面积才能处理相同的功率。当环境温度较高或设备经历需要快速冷却的频繁瞬态负载时,风扇冷却散热器也是首选。然而,风扇会引入可靠性问题,其平均故障间隔时间为40,000小时,因此对于需要10年免维护的应用,必须使用无源散热器。

小批量定制挤压散热器的交货时间是多少?

100至1,000件小批量定制挤压散热器的交货时间为3至4周,包括一周的模具制造和两到三周的挤压、切割和精加工。如果您需要标准挤压型材的定制长度,交货时间为1至2周,无需工具成本,最小起订量为50件。对于紧急需求,我们为最多50件的机加工定制散热器提供5天加急服务。

针对您的特定散热器需求,我们提供12小时报价服务,并附带免费热仿真和设计建议。请通过电子邮件 sc@bquq.com、WhatsApp +86 13713157787 联系我们,或访问 www.bquq.com 讨论您的TO-220、TO-247或定制封装散热需求。

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