冲压压接片与焊接片:连接点设计

冲压压接片与焊接片:连接点设计
作者 BQUQ Engineering Team 审核 BQUQ Quality Engineering 2026年4月5日 更新于 2026年9月11日 次阅读 ISO 9001:2015 认证工厂

冲压压接片与焊接片:连接点设计

简短回答:先设计连接点,再设计接片。压接片需要一个内径与导线剥皮后线径匹配的压接筒,一个将线股压缩 15–25% 的受控压接高度,以及一个拉脱力测试来验证;焊接片需要一个保持可润湿的镀层表面——通常是镍阻挡层上镀锡——外加一个让焊料芯吸通过的孔或槽。两者都始于同一个冲压件:0.15–1.2 mm 厚的黄铜、磷青铜或铜带材,在级进模中切割和成形至 ±0.05 mm。金属是简单的部分;连接点才是接片成败的关键。

接片是一种冲压金属舌片,用于端接导线、电芯或 PCB 走线,形成后续由他人完成的连接——将导线压接进压接筒,或焊接到电路板上。由于接片成本低而连接点在下游制作,大多数现场失效都可追溯到无人指定的细节:错误的镀层厚度、适配导线绝缘层而非线股的压接筒,或在焊接前就已氧化的焊接片。本指南涵盖应在图纸上标注的内容,以确保连接点——压接或焊接——能够持久。

压接片:连接点是一种冷焊

压接连接通过塑性变形实现:冲压压接筒被挤压在导线线股周围,直到线股彼此之间以及与压接筒壁之间冷焊在一起,排除氧气。良好的压接是气密的,这就是为什么无镀层或薄镀层的压接筒仍能可靠连接数十年。三个变量决定质量。

第一,压接筒尺寸。闭合压接筒的内径必须与剥皮后的线束匹配——即导体截面积,而非包含绝缘层的导线总外径。第二,压接高度:压接后压接筒的最终高度,通常将线束压缩 15–25%,是压接连接中控制最严格的单一尺寸,由压接工具设定。第三,拉脱力:将导线从压接处拉出的拉伸测试,其最小值通常写入端子图纸。大多数买家不是过度指定微观细节,而是指定线规范围、压接高度或模具压痕,以及最小拉脱力,然后用样品验证。

焊接片:可润湿性就是一切

焊接片不需要变形——它需要一个熔融焊料能够润湿并结合的表面。裸铜在清洁时润湿性极佳,但几天内就会氧化。这就是为什么焊接片要镀层,几乎总是镀锡,也是为什么镀层规格比基体合金更重要。

两条镀层规则占主导。锡必须足够厚以承受储存——可焊接零件通常镀锡 2–5 µm——并且当基体金属为铜合金时,锡应位于镍或类似阻挡层之上。没有阻挡层,铜会扩散穿过锡层,在表面氧化,接片变黄或变褐并拒绝焊接,这种失效称为铜锡金属间化合物生长。在 2–4 µm 锡层下设置 1–2 µm 镍阻挡层是标准防御措施。镀层类型也很重要:亮锡、哑锡和回流锡的焊接性能不同,且表面处理必须承受零件在组装前的储存寿命。我们的冲压触点镀层指南更深入地探讨了哪种表面处理适合哪种连接点。

选择基体材料

合金典型接片厚度关键特性典型接片用途
黄铜 C260 / C2680.15–1.0 mm便宜、成形性好、中等弹性电池接片、通用压接端子
磷青铜 C5191 / C52100.10–0.8 mm抗疲劳、回弹控制需要弹性保持的焊接片、继电器接片
铜 C1100 / C10200.15–1.2 mm最高导电性、柔软电源接片、大电流电池接片
白铜 C75210.10–0.6 mm低接触电阻、可焊接、银白色连接器和仪表接片
镀锡钢0.20–1.0 mm便宜且坚固、低导电性接地接片、结构标签

导电性和弹性方向相反:铜导电最好但没有弹性;磷青铜保持形状但导电性较差。一个还必须充当夹子的接片——固定电池或配合插片——需要弹簧回火,其设计与仅端接导线的接片不同。如果接片持续载流,根据电流和允许温升确定横截面;作为初步近似,1 mm² 铜横截面在自由空气中中等温升下大约承载 4–6 A,当接片封闭或镀有较低导电性表面处理时更少。这些是指示性规划数值;原型上的热测试才能最终确定。

接片尺寸是电流问题,不是厚度问题。对于持续电流,主导限制是温升:接片必须散发自身 I²R 损耗的热量,因此有效横截面取决于接片长度、暴露表面和周围空气,与金属牌号同样重要。相同横截面的短、宽、厚接片比长窄接片运行更冷,因为它从更多表面辐射。对于短路工况,接片必须存活到保护装置断开,这是针对接片热质量的 I²t 计算。当接片是故意薄弱点——保险丝或热熔断——冲压几何形状被设计为在限定电流下熔断,颈部宽度的公差成为模具必须在整个批次中保持的功能规格。在图纸上注明持续电流、峰值电流及持续时间以及环境温度,接片尺寸就不再是猜测。

冲压对连接点的影响

冲压工艺以机加工零件从未经历的方式塑造连接点。带材的晶粒沿卷材方向,因此横跨晶粒成形的接片与沿晶粒成形的接片回弹不同——模具正是围绕这一点设计的。剪切边缘在一侧留下毛刺,另一侧留下塌边,压接筒内侧或焊盘边缘的毛刺可能导致焊料圆角空洞或压接时导线损伤。指定最大毛刺高度(0.03–0.05 mm 是常见限制),并在重要处指定哪一侧可带毛刺。模具状态是连接点质量的一部分:磨损的模具在数百万个零件中产生不一致的接片宽度和边缘状态,这就是为什么连接点关键的接片在维护良好的级进模具上冲压并进行定期尺寸检查——同样的纪律在我们的冲压端子设计指南中有所涵盖。

成形后,接片通常经过二次加工:镀层(滚镀或选择性镀),有时还有接触区域的压印、防焊料芯吸槽的切口,或锡层的划痕以阻止焊料沿导线压接筒爬升。这一系列模具后加工才是连接点真正完成的地方,因此从一开始就应纳入报价——了解什么算作二次加工并为此规划。

压接与焊接:哪种连接点,哪种接片

决策压接片焊接片
典型端接多股导线,在成形压接筒中PCB、母线或通过焊料连接的导线
连接机制通过压接筒压缩的冷焊通过熔融焊料的冶金结合
镀层关键作用防腐蚀;气密连接容忍薄镀层可润湿性;锡厚度和阻挡层关键
关键尺寸压接高度、压接筒内径、拉脱力镀层厚度、可焊性储存寿命
典型检验拉力测试、压接高度测量、横截面可焊性测试、润湿平衡、目视圆角
现场返工用正确工具重新压接清洁焊盘后重新焊接

根据零件在生产中如何组装以及现场如何维修来选择。压接快速、可重复且无需加热,这就是线束采用压接的原因。焊接适合板级和高密度连接,压接筒无法容纳。有些接片两者兼顾——一端焊接、另一端压接的冲压舌片,这仅仅意味着在一个零件上遵守两套规则。

接片零件图纸检查清单

可报价的接片图纸应注明:基体合金及回火状态、厚度及公差(带材厚度通常 ±0.02–0.05 mm)、镀层规格及厚度范围(例如“镍 1–2 µm 上镀锡 2–4 µm”)、毛刺高度及方向、压接筒的线规范围或焊接片的焊盘几何形状,以及带最小值的验收测试——压接片的拉脱力以牛顿计,焊接片的可焊性标准。加上接片必须承载的电流及其将面临的环境,图纸就讲述了完整的故事。将其发送至 sc@bquq.com,我们将在 12 个工作小时内返回模具和单件价格,并在图纸与物理规律不符处附上连接点设计评论。

常见问题

问:压接片和焊接片有什么区别?

答:压接片有一个成形压接筒,被压缩在导线周围形成气密冷焊,通过拉脱力验证;焊接片是一个扁平或开槽的舌片,其镀层表面被熔融焊料润湿。基础冲压件可能相似,但镀层和关键尺寸不同。

问:为什么我的镀锡焊接片储存几个月后拒绝润湿?

答:最可能是铜扩散穿过太薄或无镍阻挡层的锡层,在表面形成氧化的铜锡金属间化合物。对于铜合金,指定在 2–4 µm 锡层下镀 1–2 µm 镍,并要求供应商进行可焊性测试,而不是依赖外观。

问:压接导线端子应指定多大的拉脱力?

答:最小值取决于线规和压接筒设计;实际做法是指定从已知良好样品的拉力测试得出的力,然后将其锁定到端子图纸中。对于良好压接,典型的商业期望是线股在压接释放之前断裂,但指定的最小值才是您的质量体系所执行的。

问:级进模在冲压接片上能保持什么公差?

答:在 0.15–1.2 mm 厚的带材上,维护良好的级进模通常保持轮廓尺寸 ±0.05 mm 和孔位 ±0.03–0.05 mm,关键特征通过模具设计和模内传感实现更紧的值。压接筒等成形特征会增加正常的回弹变化,这就是为什么压接高度在压接工具处控制,而不仅仅在冲压模具中控制。

问:一个冲压接片能否同时用于压接和焊接连接?

答:可以——许多电池和接地接片一端焊接、另一端压接。按照各自的规则设计每一端,并注意镀层必须同时满足两者:在焊接区域施加足够厚的锡以保持可焊性,而压接筒主要需要防腐蚀保护和一致的尺寸。

相关资源

由 BQUQ 工程团队撰写。BQUQ 是位于中国东莞的 ISO9001 认证源头工厂,在同一屋檐下运行 CNC 加工、金属冲压、定制弹簧、散热器和夹头生产线。将图纸发送至 sc@bquq.com 或 WhatsApp +86 13713157787,在 12 个工作小时内获取报价。www.bquq.com



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